TFSA vs RRSP – Clawbacks & Income Tax on Seniors

“The future ain’t what it used to be.” – Yogi Berra

2009年联邦预算中宣布了免税储蓄帐户（TFSA）。起初，看来它们不会像RRSP那样有用，因为没有捐款的退税退款。但是，我们开始分析TFSA的，似乎他们大部分时间都击败了RRSP。信用斯蒂芬·哈珀（Stephen Harper）实施最终成为许多加拿大人（也许是大多数？）的最有效的退休储蓄工具以及非常有用的节税工具。

要了解为什么TFSA会击败RRSP作为许多加拿大人的退休储蓄车，我们首先需要了解老年人所得税。

TFSA’s appear to be almost exactly the same as RRSP’s, except without the tax refund on contributing and tax on withdrawals. Therefore, to determine whether TFSA’s or RRSP’s are better for you depends mainly on your tax bracket when contributing (during your career) vs. your tax bracket when withdrawing in retirement.

退休计划的常见部分和RRSP的主要好处之一包括假设大多数加拿大人在退休后比在工作职业生涯中的退休税率低。这听起来可能是合乎逻辑的，但通常是不正确的。实际上，平均而言，当您在几个老年人计划中包括回扣时，老年人所得税率几乎比65岁以下的成年人高出50％！

我们加拿大的观点总是照顾好人，这为基于收入而倒退的老年人带来了很多好处。这个想法是，那些收入大量的人不需要减税。但是，最终影响是对老年人的所得税税率非常高。

The 3 main Clawbacks that affect seniors are clawbacks on the Guaranteed Income Supplement (GIS), the age credit and on Old Age Security (OAS). GIS is a supplement of up to $14,024 of tax-free income paid to seniors with an income under $18,984 (single). Essentially, for every $2 of taxable income, the GIS is reduced by $1. The age credit is a tax credit of $7,637 that is reduced by 15% for any dollar of income above $38,508. Maximum OAS is a taxable income of $7,518 that is also reduced by 15% for incomes above $79,054. (The OAS clawback is not quite as bad, since we at least get credit for the income tax we would have paid on the OAS.)

There are also clawbacks that apply to adults under 65, such as employment insurance and the child tax benefit, but none of them apply to everyone at any given tax bracket.

当您添加影响老年人的回扣时，以下是安大略省成年人在65岁以下的老年人的大概边际税收范围。边际税率适用于所有人，而带有回扣的税率专门适用于65岁及以上的任何人。

The lowest tax rates for seniors are on capital gains. This is because the clawbacks are on taxable income – which is only 50% of capital gains but is 145% of dividends. For example, for seniors with no other income, the 50% GIS clawback is only a 25% clawback on capital gains income, but is a 73% clawback on dividend income.

这些税率是否有逻辑？为什么股息对于建立退休资产的65岁以下的成年人的税率最低，而资本收益的税率对于试图从投资中获得收入的老年人的税率最低？听起来很后退，但是当您了解CRA结构对投资收入的税收方式时，有一些逻辑。

Many Canadians, if they have saved a good nest egg or have a decent pension, may be retiring on incomes of 50-70% of their working incomes. For example, an average Canadian may earn $50-60,000/year during their career, which would put them into a marginal tax rate of 31%. When they retire on say $30-40,000, they would be at a marginal tax bracket of 37% – which is higher than during their working career.

请注意，许多老年人将在退休时处于较低的税率。这是因为大多数加拿大人（如果他们只能为退休节省节省费用），可能会以每年25-50,000美元的收入退休，这将使他们处于较低的20％税率。

All of these tax brackets are adjusted for inflation each year. This means that the income amounts for each bracket will be close to double the figures in the above chart in 25 years.

这对免税储蓄帐户（TFSA）的有用性意味着什么？那将是我们下一篇文章的主题。

Ed